Maragheh
Maragheh, city in northwestern Iran, in East Azerbaijan Province, 130 km (80 mi) south of Tabrīz by road, but much nearer in a direct line across the mountains lying to the north of Maragheh. Maragheh is at an elevation of 1,619 m (5,312 ft) above sea level and is situated near Lake Urmia.
Maragheh was an important town during the rule of the Seljuks (11th and 12th centuries), but it attained its greatest fame as the capital of the Mongol Empire (13th and 14th centuries), which encompassed almost all of eastern and western Asia. After taking Baghdad (in present-day Iraq) in 1257, the Mongol ruler Hulagu made Maragheh his headquarters.
During the Mongol rule of Maragheh an exceptionally well-equipped observatory was constructed under the supervision of the astronomer Nasr-ed-Din. As a result, the city became famous as a center of science. Remnants of the observatory are still found outside the town. Noteworthy remains from the period of Seljuk rule still remain as well. Five tomb towers are there, still standing in various states of disrepair. The oldest of these is an outstanding example of brickwork and the use of colored tile. In the center of the city is a round tower that bears the inscription “Every man must taste death” and is dated 1167. Another tower near it is elaborately decorated in stucco and tile and is dated 1196. A square tower located beside the river that flanks the town is the tomb of Shams id Din Karasungur, a noted architect who constructed buildings in Egypt and Syria and died in 1328. The last tower is round with designs in raised, colored tile and is from the Mongol period. Population (1994) 128,717.
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